Задание 6: Раздел "Чтение" в ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Раздел "Чтение" в ЕГЭ по английскому языку

  В соответствии со Спецификацией контрольных измерительных материалов для проведения в 2015 году единого государственного экзамена по ИНОСТРАННЫМ ЯЗЫКАМ подготовленной Федеральным государственным бюджетным научным учреждением «ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ ИНСТИТУТ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИХ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ» и опубликованной на сайте fipi.ru, в разделе "Чтение" проверяется сформированность умений понимания как основного содержания письменных текстов, так и полного понимания соответствующих текстов. Кроме того, в чтении проверяется понимание структурно-смысловых связей в тексте. 

В разделе «Чтение»  представлены задания, относящиеся к трем разным уровням сложности. Раздел 2 («Чтение») содержит 9 заданий. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение заданий раздела 2 составляет 30 минут.

Жанрово-стилистическая принадлежность текстов, используемых в разделе «Чтение»: публицистические, художественные, научно-популярные и прагматические тексты.

Требования к отбору текстов

Тексты, используемые для заданий всех разделов, должны отвечать следующим требованиям:

• выбранный отрывок должен характеризоваться законченностью, внешней связностью и внутренней осмысленностью;
• содержание должно учитывать возрастные особенности выпускника, не должно выходить за рамки коммуникативного, читательского и жизненного опыта экзаменуемого;
• текст должен соответствовать жанру, указанному в описании задания;
• содержание не должно дискриминировать экзаменуемых по религиозному, национальному и другим признакам;
• текст не должен быть перегружен информативными элементами: терминами, именами собственными, цифровыми данными;
• языковая сложность текста должна соответствовать заявленному уровню сложности задания (базовый, повышенный, высокий).

 В соответствии с Кодификатором элементов содержания и требований к уровню подготовки выпускников образовательных организаций для проведения единого государственного экзамена по АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ, в Перечень элементов содержания, проверяемых на едином государственном экзамене по английскому языку, раздел "Чтение", входит:

Чтение

2.1 Понимание основного содержания сообщений, несложных
публикаций научно-познавательного характера, отрывков из
произведений художественной литературы
2.2 Полное и точное понимание информации прагматических
текстов, публикаций научно-популярного характера,
отрывков из произведений художественной литературы
2.3 Выборочное понимание необходимой/интересующей
информации из текста статьи, проспекта
2.4 Понимание структурно-смысловых связей текста

В соответствии с Переченем требований к уровню подготовки выпускников, достижение которых проверяется на едином государственном экзамене по английскому языку, 

Знания, умения и навыки, проверяемые на ЕГЭ в разделе "Чтение"

ЗНАТЬ/ПОНИМАТЬ:

1.1 языковой лексический материал:
1.1.1 значения лексических единиц, связанных с изученной
тематикой и соответствующими ситуациями общения (см.
подраздел «Предметное содержание речи» в разделе 1
кодификатора);
1.1.2 значения оценочной лексики;
1.1.3 П значения идиоматической лексики в рамках изученных тем;
1.1.4 значения реплик-клише речевого этикета, отражающих
особенности культуры страны/стран изучаемого языка;
1.2 языковой грамматический материал:
1.2.1 значение изученных грамматических явлений (см. подраздел
«Грамматическая сторона речи» в разделе 1 кодификатора);
1.2.2 значение видо-временных форм глагола;
1.2.3 значение неличных и неопределенно-личных форм глагола;
1.2.4 значение глагольных форм условного наклонения;
1.2.5 значение косвенной речи/косвенного вопроса;
1.2.6 значение согласования времен;
1.2.7 П средства и способы выражения модальности;
1.2.8 П средства и способы выражения условия;
1.2.9 П средства и способы выражения предположения;
1.2.10 П средства и способы выражения причины;
1.2.11 П средства и способы выражения следствия;
1.2.12 П средства и способы выражения побуждения к действию;
1.3 страноведческую информацию из аутентичных
источников, сведения о стране/странах изучаемого
языка:
1.3.1 сведения о культуре и науке;
1.3.2 сведения об исторических и современных реалиях;
1.3.3 сведения об общественных деятелях;
1.3.4 сведения о месте в мировом сообществе и мировой культуре;
1.3.5 сведения о взаимоотношениях с нашей страной;
1.4 языковые средства и правила речевого и неречевого
поведения в соответствии со сферой общения и
социальным статусом партнера.

УМЕТЬ:

2.3.1 Читать аутентичные тексты различных стилей

(публицистические, художественные, научно-популярные,
прагматические) с использованием различных
стратегий/видов чтения в соответствии с коммуникативной
задачей
2.3.2 Использовать ознакомительное чтение в целях понимания
основного содержания сообщений, интервью, репортажей,
публикаций научно-познавательного характера, отрывков из
произведений художественной литературы
2.3.3 Использовать просмотровое/поисковое чтение в целях
извлечения необходимой/запрашиваемой информации из
текста статьи, проспекта
2.3.4 Использовать изучающее чтение в целях полного понимания
информации прагматических текстов, публикаций научно-
познавательного характера, отрывков из произведений
художественной литературы
2.3.5 Отделять главную информацию от второстепенной,
выявлять наиболее значимые факты
2.3.6 Определять свое отношение к прочитанному
2.3.7 Определять временную и причинно-следственную
взаимосвязь событий, прогнозировать развитие/результат
излагаемых фактов/событий, обобщать описываемые
факты/явления
2.3.8 Определять замысел автора; оценивать важность/новизну
информации; понимать смысл текста и его проблематику,
используя элементы анализа текста

2.6 Компенсаторные умения

2.6.1 Пользоваться языковой и контекстуальной догадкой при

чтении и аудировании
2.6.2 Прогнозировать содержание текста по заголовку/началу
текста, использовать текстовые опоры различного рода
(подзаголовки, таблицы, графики, шрифтовые выделения,
комментарии, сноски)
2.6.3 Игнорировать лексические и смысловые трудности, не
влияющие на понимание основного содержания текста

Пример заданий, составляющих раздел "Чтение" в ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. The Slob’s Holiday My husband and I went to Reno for our holiday last year. “Isn’t that place where people go to get a quickie divorce?”asked my second son? ‘Yes’, I said, trying to look enigmatic and interesting. ‘You are not getting divorced, are you?’ he asked bluntly. ‘No,’ I said, ’we are going to an outdoor pursuit trade fair. The children sighed with relief and slouched away, muttering things like ‘boring’. I call them children, but they are all grown up. My eldest son has started to develop fine lines around his eyes – fledgling crow’s feet. A terrible sight for any parent to see. Anyway, the piece isn’t about children. It’s about holidays. The first thing to be said about holidays is that anybody who can afford one should be grateful. The second thing is that planning holidays can be hard work. In our household it starts with somebody muttering, ’I suppose we ought to think about a holiday.’ This remark is usually made in July and is received glumly, as if the person making it has said ‘I suppose we ought to think about the Bolivian balance of payment problems.’ Nothing much happens for a week and then the potential holiday-makers are rounded up and made to consult their diaries. Hospital appointments are taken into consideration, as are important things to do with work. But other highlights on the domestic calendar, such as the cat’s birthday, are swept aside and eventually two weeks are found. The next decision is the most painful: where? We travel abroad to work quite a lot but we return tired and weary, so the holiday we are planning is a slob’s holiday: collapse on a sunbed, read a book until the sun goes down, stagger back to hotel room, shower, change into glad rags, eat well, wave good-bye to teenagers, have a last drink on hotel terrace, go to bed and then lie awake and wait for hotel waiters to bring the teenagers from the disco. I never want to be guided around another monument, as long as I live. I do not want to be told how many bricks it took to build it. I have a short attention span for such details. I do not want to attend a ‘folk evening’ ever, ever again. The kind where men with their trousers tucked into their socks wave handkerchiefs in the direction of women wearing puff-sleeved blouses, long skirts and headscarves. I also want to live dangerously and get brown. I want my doughy English skin change from white sliced to wheat germ. I like the simple pleasure of removing my watch strap and gazing at the patch of virgin skin beneath. I don’t want to make new friends – on holidays or in general; I can’t manage the ones I have at home. I do not want to mix with the locals and I have no wish to go into their homes. I do not welcome tourists who come to Leicester into my home. Why should the poor locals in Holidayland be expected to? It’s bad enough that we monopolize their beaches, clog their pavements and spend an hour in a shop choosing a sunhat that costs the equivalent of 75 pence. So, the slob’s holiday has several essential requirements: a hotel on a sunny beach, good food, a warm sea, nightlife for the teenagers, a big crowd to get lost in, and the absence of mosquitoes. As I write, we are at the planning stage. We have looked through all the holiday brochures, but they are full of references to ‘hospitable locals’, ‘folk nights’, ‘deserted beaches’, and ‘interesting historical sights’. Not our cup of tea, or glass of sangria, at all. When the narrator says ‘I also want to live dangerously’, she means     1)  getting lost in the crowd.     2)  going sightseeing without a guide.     3)  choosing herself the parties to go to.     4)  lying long hours in the sun on the beach. The slob’s holiday is the type of holiday for people, who     1)  do not want to go on holiday abroad.     2)  go on holiday with teenagers.     3)  do not like public life.     4)  prefer peaceful relaxing holidays. The main reason the narrator doesn’t want to mix up with locals is because she     1)  doesn’t let tourists to her house at Leicester.     2)  doesn’t want to add to their inconveniencies.     3)  is afraid to make friends with local people.     4)  values her own privacy above all.   18F741

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз.  В задании один заголовок лишний. 1.  New rules to follow 2.  New perspectives 3.  Perfect for a quiet holiday 4.  Land of nature wonders     5.  A visit to the zoo 6.  Perfect for an active holiday 7.  Difficult start 8.  Bad for animals A.  The mountains of Scotland (we call them the Highlands) are а wild and beautiful part of Europe. A golden eagle flies over the mountains. A deer walks through the silence of the forest. Salmon and trout swim in the clean, pure water of the rivers. Some say that not only fish swim in the deep water of Loch Ness. Speak to the people living by the Loch. Each person has a story of the monster, and some have photographs. B.  Tresco is a beautiful island with no cars, crowds or noise – just flowers, birds, long sandy beaches and the Tresco Abbey Garden. John and Wendy Pyatt welcome you to the Island Hotel, famous for delicious food, comfort and brilliant service. You will appreciate superb accommodation, free saunas and the indoor swimming pool. C.  The Camel and Wildlife Safari is a unique mixture of the traditional and modern. Kenya’s countryside suits the Safari purposes exceptionally well. Tourists will have a chance to explore the bush country near Samburu, to travel on a camel back or to sleep out under the stars. Modern safari vehicles are always available for those who prefer comfort. D.  Arrival can be the hardest part of a trip. It is late, you are road-weary, and everything is new and strange. You need an affordable place to sleep, something to eat and drink, and probably a way to get around. But in general, it’s a wonderful trip, full of wonderful and unusual places. Whether it is the first stop on a trip or the fifth city visited, every traveller feels a little overwhelmed stepping onto a new street in a new city. E.  No zoo has enough money to provide basic habitats or environments for all the species they keep. Most animals are put in a totally artificial environment, isolated from everything they would meet in their natural habitat. Many will agree that this isolation is harmful to the most of zoo inhabitants, it can even amount to cruelty. F.  A new London Zoo Project is a ten year project to secure the future for the Zoo and for many endangered animals. The plan has been devised by both animal and business experts to provide world-leading accommodation for all our animals, to more fully engage and inform people about conservation issues, to redesign certain aspects of Zoo layout. G.  Leave-no-trace camping is an increasingly popular approach to travel in wilderness areas. As the term suggests, the goal is for the camper to leave as little impact as possible on the place he is visiting. One of its mottos is “Take nothing but pictures. Leave nothing but footprints.” Its simplest and most fundamental rule is: pack it in, pack it out, but it goes beyond that.   25C7D6

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу. London Zoo London Zoo is one of the most important zoos in the world. There are over 12,000 animals at London Zoo and A __________! Its main concern is to breed threatened animals in captivity. This means we might be able to restock the wild, should disaster ever befall the wild population. Partula Snail, Red Crowned Crane, Arabian Oryx, Golden Lion Tamarin, Persian Leopard, Asiatic Lion and Sumatran Tiger are just some of the species London Zoo is helping to save. That is why it is so important that we fight to preserve the habitats that these animals live in, as well as eliminate other dangers B __________. But we aim to make your day at London Zoo a fun and memorable time, C __________. In the Ambika Paul Children’s Zoo, for instance, youngsters can learn a new love and appreciation for animals D __________. They can also learn how to care for favourite pets in the Pet Care Centre. Then there are numerous special Highlight events E __________  unforgettable pony rides to feeding times and spectacular animal displays. You will get to meet keepers and ask them what you are interested in about the animals they care for, F __________. Whatever you decide, you will have a great day. We have left no stone unturned to make sure you do!    1.  because they see and touch them close up 2.  such as hunting exotic animals and selling furs 3.  as well as the ins and outs of being a keeper at London Zoo 4.  that is not counting every ant in the colony 5.  which demand much time and effort 6.  which take place every day, from 7.  despite the serious side to our work

Пример заданий, составляющих раздел "Чтение" в TOEFL

Read the text and answer all the questions.

Robert Capa

1. Robert Capa is a name that has for many years been synonymous with war photography.
2. Born in Hungary in 1913 as Friedmann Endre Ernő, Capa was forced to leave his native country after his involvement in anti government protests. Capa had originally wanted to become a writer, but after his arrival in Berlin had first found work as a photographer. He later left Germany and moved to France due to the rise in Nazism. He tried to find work as a freelance journalist and it was here that he changed his name to Robert Capa, mainly because he thought it would sound more American.
3. In 1936, after the breakout of the Spanish Civil war, Capa went to Spain and it was here over the next three years that he built his reputation as a war photographer. It was here too in 1936 that he took one of his most famous pictures, The Death of a Loyalist Soldier. One of Capa’s most famous quotes was 'If your pictures aren't good enough, you're not close enough.' And he took his attitude of getting close to the action to an extreme. His photograph, The Death of a Loyalist Soldier is a prime example of this as Capa captures the very moment the soldier falls. However, many have questioned the authenticity of this photograph, claiming that it was staged.
4. When World war II broke out, Capa was in New York, but he was soon back in Europe covering the war for Life magazine. Some of his most famous work was created on 6th June 1944 when he swam ashore with the first assault on Omaha Beach in the D-Day invasion of Normandy. Capa, armed only with two cameras, took more than one hundred photographs in the first hour of the landing, but a mistake in the darkroom during the drying of the film destroyed all but eight frames. It was the images from these frames however that inspired the visual style of Steven Spielberg's Oscar winning movie ‘Saving Private Ryan’. When Life magazine published the photographs, they claimed that they were slightly out of focus, and Capa later used this as the title of his autobiographical account of the war.
5. Capa’s private life was no less dramatic. He was friend to many of Hollywood’s directors, actors and actresses. In 1943 he fell in love with the wife of actor John Austin. His affair with her lasted until the end of the war and became the subject of his war memoirs. He was at one time lover to actress Ingrid Bergman. Their relationship finally ended in 1946 when he refused to settle in Hollywood and went off to Turkey.
6. In 1947 Capa was among a group of photojournalists who founded Magnum Photos. This was a co-operative organisation set up to support photographers and help them to retain ownership of the copyright to their work.
7. Capa went on to document many other wars. He never attempted to glamorise war though, but to record the horror. He once said, "The desire of any war photographer is to be put out of business."
8. Capa died as he had lived. After promising not to photograph any more wars, he accepted an assignment to go to Indochina to cover the first Indochina war. On May 25th 1954 Capa was accompanying a French regiment when he left his jeep to take some photographs of the advance and stepped on a land mine. He was taken to a nearby hospital, still clutching his camera, but was pronounced dead on arrival. He left behind him a testament to the horrors of war and a standard for photojournalism that few others have been able to reach.
9. Capa’s legacy has lived on though and in 1966 his brother Cornell founded the International Fund for Concerned Photography in his honor. There is also a Robert Capa Gold Medal, which is given to the photographer who publishes the best photographic reporting from abroad with evidence of exceptional courage. But perhaps his greatest legacy of all are the haunting images of the human struggles that he captured.

1  Why did Capa change his name?

 To hide his identity 
 Because he had been involved in protests 
 To sound more American 
 Because he had to leave Hungary 

2  Capa originally wanted to be

 A photojournalist 
 A writer 
 American 
 A protestor 

3  Capa went to Spain to

 fight in the civil war. 
 build his reputation. 
 have a holiday. 
 take photographs. 

4  Capa’s famous picture Death of a Loyalist Soldier

 was taken by someone else. 
 was definitely genuine. 
 wasn’t even taken in Spain. 
 cannot be proven genuine or staged. 

5  When World War II broke out Capa

 went to New York. 
 swam ashore on Omaha Beach. 
 went to Europe. 
 went to Normandy. 

6  A mistake meant that

 only one hundred of Capa’s photographs were published. 
 Capa lost both of his two cameras. 
 Capa’s images inspired an Oscar winning movie. 
 Most of Capa’s images of the D-Day landing were destroyed. 

7  Capa’s private life was

 less dramatic than his professional life. 
 spent mostly in Hollywood. 
 very glamorous. 
 spent in Turkey. 

8  Capa wanted his work to

 be very famous. 
 show how glamorous war can be. 
 show the true horror of war. 
 make lots of money. 

9  Which sentence best paraphrases paragraph 5?

 Capa had a tragic private life and was never able to settle down and find happiness. 
 Despite having many good friends and lovers, Capa always put his work first. 
 Capa wanted to make friends with important people in Hollywood so that he could move into the movie industry. 
 Capa’s private life was very complicated. He could not choose between the two women he loved, so he went off to work in Turkey. 

10  Which sentence best paraphrases paragraph 4?

 Capa never tried to avoid danger. He risked his life to take photographs of the D-Day invasion, but then destroyed most of them. 
 Capa took some of his most famous photographs during the D-Day invasion, but most were tragically destroyed in an accident. 
 Capa only kept the best eight D-Day photographs as the others were out of focus. These inspired the visual style of a Hollywood film. 
 Capa left Europe when the war broke out and went to take his most famous photographs of the D-Day invasion.